The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net early on.
However, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.